The oldest reported age for a yellow perch is 11 years. The heaviest reported weight for a yellow perch is 1. SIZE: The common length for yellow perch is In the United States, yellow perch range southward into Ohio, Illinois, and throughout the majority of the northeast. They are also considered native to the Atlantic slope basin, extending south into the Savannah River into South Carolina.
The juveniles stay in creeks and rivers where the water is murky and there are many plants. White perch become adults when they are 2 to 4 years old, and males are 72 to 80 mm long and females are 90 to 98 mm long. When there are many fish in an area, they may not grow as large.
When a female white perch is ready to mate, a group of males surrounds her. She releases her eggs into the water and they stick to the bottom. All the males release their sperm at the same time, so the eggs can be fertilized by different fathers. White perch breed once a year between March and July. They can breed in many kinds of habitat, but they always choose water that is less than 7 m deep. Some white perch breed in the same place they live, but many travel long distances to find good breeding habitat, especially if they live in the ocean.
They can reproduce in water that is somewhat salty, but they prefer fresh water. White perch usually lay their eggs in the evening or after it rains. Each female can lay between 20, and , eggs. The eggs stick together in a clump and may also stick to the bottom. The parents then leave and do not take care of the eggs. Little is known about the lifespan of white perch. However, closely related species such as river perch, european perch, and largemouth bass live up to 15 to 25 years.
Juvelines group together in shallow weedy areas. They may leave these areas during the day to find food, but they return at night. In the winter, both juveniles and adults move to deep pools where the water is slightly salty. In spring, the adults move upstream to shallow fresh water to breed. Then they return to deep water for the summer. White perch do not guard their territory from each other, and they usually stay within a 19 km area.
Little is known about how white perch communicate. They are able to see, hear and smell, and they can detect vibrations in the water. Adult white perch mainly eat other fish, but the young eat eggs, insects, worms, crustaceans and small pieces of animal debris.
White perch are more likely to be eaten when they are young than when they are adults. Adults are eaten by striped bass, walleye, bluefish and weakfish, and eggs and larvae are eaten by bluegill, copepods and other white perch. White perch produce a large number of young instead of relying on camouflage or predator avoidance behavior. This way, even if many young are eaten, some will still survive to reproduce.
White perch are important to their ecosystem both as predators and as prey. Larval yellow perch feed on zooplankton and other tiny aquatic organisms. In late winter and early spring, adult yellow perch migrate to the upper regions of rivers and tributaries to find suitable spawning habitat. Adults migrate shoreward into the shallows of impoundments and often into tributary streams to spawn. When living in brackish waters, males tend to reach the freshwater spawning areas first and do not migrate downstream until the females leave.
When females arrive, they lay their eggs in large gelatinous strands, usually suspended from some type of structure or organic debris. Multiple males fertilize the eggs which hatch 11 to 27 days after fertilization, depending on water temperature.
Males reach sexual maturity between ages 1 and 3, and female yellow perch mature between ages 2 and 3 and can produce between 5, and , eggs. Yellow perch are known to live as long as 13 years. For many anglers, yellow perch are the first fish to "arrive" in the rivers after the first of the year.
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